Intermediate complications include:

Delay in wound healing due to infection, malnutrition and anemia;

Anemia due to profuse bleeding;

Pelvic infection: infection of uterus and vagina ascending from the genital wound and necrotising fasciitis;

Irregular bleeding and vaginal discharge;

Dysmenorrhoa due to pelvic infection, or due to the obstruction of the vaginal orifice (as in infibulation);

Vulvar dermoid cysts and abscesses are a frequent complication;

Formation of a keloid scar because of slow and incomplete healing of the wound, and infection after the operation leading to production of excessive connective tissue in the scar;

Dyspareunia due to the tight vaginal opening, to pelvic infection or to vaginismus;

In case of infibulation, it may be necessary to cut the bridge of skin created by the labia majora before coitus. In one study surgery was needed in 23 percent before penetration could occur.