Late complications include:

Haematocolpos is estimated at 2 - 3.5 percent in Sudan and Somalia (Dirie MA, Lindmark G, 1992), due to closure of the vaginal opening by the scar tissue. The menstrual blood accumulates over many months in the vagina and uterus. It appears as a bluish, bulging membrane on vaginal examination;

Infertility because of chronic pelvic infection blocking both Fallopian tubes -undiagnosed and untreated until it is too late. Recurrent infections can also cause miscarriages;

Recurrent or chronic urinary tract infections due to stasis of urine in the bladder and behind scar tissue;

Difficulty in urinating because of damaged urethral opening or scarring over the urethral opening, or inability to completely evacuate the bladder when urinating;

Calculus/stone formation in bladder and in vagina because of stasis of urine and urinary infection;

Urinary incontinence as a complication of an over-distended bladder and recurrent urinary infections. Vesico-vaginal fistula result in a distressing condition of urinary incontinence, for which women are often ostracized from their community;

Anal incontinence and anal fissure due to rectal intercourse when vaginal intercourse is not possible;

Transmission of HIV because of bleeding during unprotected intercourse and because of anal intercourse.